Wikipedia. In computing, tar is a computer software utility for collecting many files into one archive file, often referred to as a tarball, for distribution or backup purposes. The name is derived from tape archive, as it was originally developed to write data to sequential IO devices with no file system of their own. The archive data sets created by tar contain various file system parameters, such as name, time stamps, ownership, file access permissions, and directory organization. The command line utility was first introduced in the seventh edition of unix v. January 1. 97. 9, replacing the tp program. The file structure to store this information was later standardized in POSIX. POSIX. 1 2. 00. 1. Archive Name And Parameters Definition' title='Archive Name And Parameters Definition' />Single Client Access Name SCAN for the Cluster. If you have ever been tasked with extending an Oracle RAC cluster by adding a new node or shrinking a RAC cluster. Corticoid krtkoid n. A corticosteroid. ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend Switch to new thesaurus Noun 1. It is important to select the right character set for your database. Oracle recommends AL32UTF8 as the database character set. AL32UTF8 is Oracles name for the UTF8. Medication name Medication type Oral health effects Fluticasone Nasal corticosteroid None reported ProAir HFA Beta2 agonist Xerostomia Adcirca Phosphodiesterast5. Whe n an Oracle instance starts, it reads initialization parameters from an initialization parameter file. For any initialization parameters not specifically included. RationaleeditMany historic tape drives read and write variable length data blocks, leaving significant wasted space on the tape between blocks for the tape to physically start and stop moving. Some tape drives and raw disks only support fixed length data blocks. Also, when writing to any medium such as a filesystem or network, it takes less time to write one large block than many small blocks. Therefore, the tar command writes data in blocks of many 5. The user can specify a blocking factor, which is the number of records per block the default is 2. Blackstone Ultrasonics Manual. UNIX was created, but now seems rather small. File formateditA tar archive consists of a series of file objects, hence the popular term tarball, referencing how a tarball collects objects of all kinds that stick to its surface. Each file object includes any file data, and is preceded by a 5. The file data is written unaltered except that its length is rounded up to a multiple of 5. The original tar implementation did not care about the contents of the padding bytes, and left the buffer data unaltered, but most modern tar implementations fill the extra space with zeros. The end of an archive is marked by at least two consecutive zero filled records. The origin of tars record size appears to be the 5. Version 7 Unix file system. The final block of an archive is padded out to full length with zeros. The file header record contains metadata about a file. To ensure portability across different architectures with different byte orderings, the information in the header record is encoded in ASCII. Thus if all the files in an archive are ASCII text files, and have ASCII names, then the archive is essentially an ASCII text file containing many NUL characters. The fields defined by the original Unix tar format are listed in the table below. Loading DocCommentXchange. Loading DocCommentXchange. The link indicatorfile type table includes some modern extensions. When a field is unused it is filled with NUL bytes. The header uses 2. NUL bytes to make it fill a 5. Archive Name And Parameters Definition' title='Archive Name And Parameters Definition' />There is no magic number in the header, for file identification. Pre POSIX. 1 1. Field Offset. Field Size. Field. File name. File mode. Owners numeric user ID1. A stored procedure is a group of statements with a specific name, which are stored inside a database, such as MySQL or Oracle. Data Guard Configuration Example 10g, Logical Standby by Jeff Hunter, Sr. Database Administrator Contents. Introduction Introduction to Oracle Data Guard. Page Instant Download Windows 10 Questions Answers. In this comprehensive guide, our experts answer the most frequently asked Windows 10 questions ranging from. Copyright SS64. com 19992017 Some rights reserved. Groups numeric user ID1. File size in bytes octal base1. Last modification time in numeric Unix time format octal1. Checksum for header record. Link indicator file type1. Name of linked file. The pre POSIX. 1 1. Link indicator field can have the following values Some pre POSIX. Numeric values are encoded in octal numbers using ASCII digits, with leading zeroes. For historical reasons, a final NUL or space character should also be used. Thus although there are 1. This gives a maximum file size of 8 gigabytes on archived files. To overcome this limitation, star in 2. GNU tar and BSD tar followed this idea. Additionally, versions of tar from before the first POSIX standard from 1. The checksum is calculated by taking the sum of the unsigned byte values of the header record with the eight checksum bytes taken to be ascii spaces decimal value 3. It is stored as a six digit octal number with leading zeroes followed by a NUL and then a space. Various implementations do not adhere to this format. For better compatibility, ignore leading and trailing whitespace, and take the first six digits. In addition, some historic tar implementations treated bytes as signed. Implementations typically calculate the checksum both ways, and treat it as good if either the signed or unsigned sum matches the included checksum. Unix filesystems support multiple links names for the same file. If several such files appear in a tar archive, only the first one is archived as a normal file the rest are archived as hard links, with the name of linked file field set to the first ones name. On extraction, such hard links should be recreated in the file system. UStar formateditMost modern tar programs read and write archives in the UStar Unix Standard TAR16 format, introduced by the POSIX IEEE P1. It introduced additional header fields. Older tar programs will ignore the extra information possibly extracting partially named files, while newer programs will test for the presence of the ustar string to determine if the new format is in use. The UStar format allows for longer file names and stores additional information about each file. The maximum filename size is 2. Field Offset. Field Size. Field. 01. 56several fields, same as in old format1. Type flag. 15. 71. UStar indicator ustar then NUL2. UStar version 0. Owner user name. Owner group name. Device major number. Device minor number. Filename prefix. The Type flag field can have the following values Type flag field. Value. Meaning0 or ASCIINULNormal file1Hard link2Symbolic link3Character special4Block special5Directory6FIFO7Contiguous filegglobal extended header with meta data POSIX. POSIX. 1 2. 00. 1AZVendor specific extensions POSIX. All other valuesreserved for future standardization. POSIX. 1 1. 98. 8 vendor specific extensions using link flag values A. Z partially have a different meaning with different vendors and thus are seen outdated and replaced by the POSIX. Type 7 Contiguous file is formally marked as reserved in the POSIX standard, but was meant to indicate files which ought to be contiguously allocated on disk. Few operating systems support creating such files explicitly, and hence most TAR programs do not support them, and will treat type 7 files as if they were type 0 regular. An exception is older versions of GNU tar, when running on the Masscomp RTU Real Time Unix operating system, which supported an OCTG flag to the open function to request a contiguous file however, that support was removed from GNU tar version 1. POSIX. 1 2. 00. 1paxeditIn 1. Sun proposed a method for adding extensions to the tar format. This method was later accepted for the POSIX. This format is known as extended tar format or pax format. The new tar format allows users to add any type of vendor tagged vendor specific enhancements. The following enhancement tags are defined by the POSIX standard all three time stamps of a file in arbitrary resolution most implementations use nanosecond granularitypath names of unlimited length and character set codingsymlink target names of unlimited length and character set codinguser and group names of unlimited length and character set codingfiles with unlimited size the historic tar format is 8 GBuserid and groupid without size limitation this historic tar format was is limited to a max. In 2. 00. 1, the Star program became the first tar to support the new format. In 2. 00. 4, GNU tar supported the new format, though it does not write them as its default output from the tar program yet. It is relatively new and so not as supported. Its extensions are stored themselves as files within the tar, for somewhat backward compatibility. TarpipeeditA tarpipe is the method of creating an archive on the stdout file of the tar utility and piping it to another tar process on its standard input, working in another directory, where it is unpacked. This process copies an entire source directory tree including all special files, for example.