BibMe Free Bibliography Citation Maker MLA, APA, Chicago, Harvard. On Saturday, Associated Press journalists Jason Dearen and Michael Biesecker reported at least five toxic, Houstonarea Superfund sites in the path of Hurricane. After a week of storms and high water, Hurricane Harvey has now left at least 43 people in southeast Texas dead. In addition to the damage to infrastructure, property. We provide excellent essay writing service 247. Enjoy proficient essay writing and custom writing services provided by professional academic writers. Horse racing Ice hockey Karate Olympics Racing Motorsport Baseball is a batandball sport played between two teams of nine players each. The goal is to score. Biology Wikipedia. Ara Rental Market Metrics Pdf File. Biology is the natural science that involves the study of life and living organisms, including their physical and chemical structure, function, development and evolution. Modern biology is a vast field, composed of many branches. The name Antarctica is the romanised version of the Greek compound word antarktik, feminine of antarktiks. Kilauea Mount Etna Mount Yasur Mount Nyiragongo and Nyamuragira Piton de la Fournaise Erta Ale. Environmental Geology Edward Keller Pdf To Jpg' title='Environmental Geology Edward Keller Pdf To Jpg' />Despite the broad scope and the complexity of the science, there are certain unifying concepts that consolidate it into a single, coherent field. In general, biology recognizes the cell as the basic unit of life, genes as the basic unit of heredity, and evolution as the engine that propels the creation of new species. It is also understood that all organisms survive by consuming and transforming energy and by regulating their internal environment. Sub disciplines of biology are defined by the scale at which life is studied, the kinds of organisms studied, and the methods used to study them biochemistry examines the rudimentary chemistry of life molecular biology studies the complex interactions among biological molecules cellular biology examines the basic building block of all life, the cell physiology examines the physical and chemical functions of tissues, organs, and organ systems ecology examines how organisms interact in their environment and evolutionary biology examines the processes that produced the diversity of life. History. The term biology is derived from the Greek word, bios, life and the suffix, logia, study of. The Latin language form of the term first appeared in 1. Swedish scientist Carl Linnaeus Carl von Linn used biologi in his Bibliotheca botanica. It was used again in 1. Philosophiae naturalis sive physicae tomus III, continens geologian, biologian, phytologian generalis, by Michael Christoph Hanov, a disciple of Christian Wolff. The first German use, Biologie, was in a 1. Linnaeus work. In 1. Theodor Georg August Roose used the term in the preface of a book, Grundzge der Lehre van der Lebenskraft. Karl Friedrich Burdach used the term in 1. Propdeutik zum Studien der gesammten Heilkunst. The term came into its modern usage with the six volume treatise Biologie, oder Philosophie der lebenden Natur 1. Gottfried Reinhold Treviranus, who announced 5The objects of our research will be the different forms and manifestations of life, the conditions and laws under which these phenomena occur, and the causes through which they have been effected. Biology is the natural science that involves the study of life and living organisms, including their physical and chemical structure, function, development and. The science that concerns itself with these objects we will indicate by the name biology Biologie or the doctrine of life Lebenslehre. Although modern biology is a relatively recent development, sciences related to and included within it have been studied since ancient times. Natural philosophy was studied as early as the ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Indian subcontinent, and China. However, the origins of modern biology and its approach to the study of nature are most often traced back to ancient Greece. While the formal study of medicine dates back to Hippocrates ca. BC ca. 3. 70 BC, it was Aristotle 3. BC 3. 22 BC who contributed most extensively to the development of biology. Especially important are his History of Animals and other works where he showed naturalist leanings, and later more empirical works that focused on biological causation and the diversity of life. Environmental Geology Edward Keller Pdf To Jpg' title='Environmental Geology Edward Keller Pdf To Jpg' />Aristotles successor at the Lyceum, Theophrastus, wrote a series of books on botany that survived as the most important contribution of antiquity to the plant sciences, even into the Middle Ages. Scholars of the medieval Islamic world who wrote on biology included al Jahiz 7. Al Dnawar 8. 288. Rhazes 8. 659. 25 who wrote on anatomy and physiology. Medicine was especially well studied by Islamic scholars working in Greek philosopher traditions, while natural history drew heavily on Aristotelian thought, especially in upholding a fixed hierarchy of life. Biology began to quickly develop and grow with Anton van Leeuwenhoeks dramatic improvement of the microscope. It was then that scholars discovered spermatozoa, bacteria, infusoria and the diversity of microscopic life. Investigations by Jan Swammerdam led to new interest in entomology and helped to develop the basic techniques of microscopic dissection and staining. Advances in microscopy also had a profound impact on biological thinking. In the early 1. 9th century, a number of biologists pointed to the central importance of the cell. Then, in 1. 83. 8, Schleiden and Schwann began promoting the now universal ideas that 1 the basic unit of organisms is the cell and 2 that individual cells have all the characteristics of life, although they opposed the idea that 3 all cells come from the division of other cells. Thanks to the work of Robert Remak and Rudolf Virchow, however, by the 1. Meanwhile, taxonomy and classification became the focus of natural historians. Carl Linnaeus published a basic taxonomy for the natural world in 1. Georges Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon, treated species as artificial categories and living forms as malleableeven suggesting the possibility of common descent. Though he was opposed to evolution, Buffon is a key figure in the history of evolutionary thought his work influenced the evolutionary theories of both Lamarck and Darwin. Serious evolutionary thinking originated with the works of Jean Baptiste Lamarck, who was the first to present a coherent theory of evolution. He posited that evolution was the result of environmental stress on properties of animals, meaning that the more frequently and rigorously an organ was used, the more complex and efficient it would become, thus adapting the animal to its environment. Lamarck believed that these acquired traits could then be passed on to the animals offspring, who would further develop and perfect them. However, it was the British naturalist Charles Darwin, combining the biogeographical approach of Humboldt, the uniformitarian geology of Lyell, Malthuss writings on population growth, and his own morphological expertise and extensive natural observations, who forged a more successful evolutionary theory based on natural selection similar reasoning and evidence led Alfred Russel Wallace to independently reach the same conclusions. Although it was the subject of controversy which continues to this day, Darwins theory quickly spread through the scientific community and soon became a central axiom of the rapidly developing science of biology. The discovery of the physical representation of heredity came along with evolutionary principles and population genetics. In the 1. 94. 0s and early 1. DNA as the component of chromosomes that held the trait carrying units that had become known as genes. A focus on new kinds of model organisms such as viruses and bacteria, along with the discovery of the double helical structure of DNA in 1. From the 1. 95. 0s to present times, biology has been vastly extended in the molecular domain. The genetic code was cracked by Har Gobind Khorana, Robert W. Holley and Marshall Warren Nirenberg after DNA was understood to contain codons. Finally, the Human Genome Project was launched in 1. This project was essentially completed in 2. The Human Genome Project was the first step in a globalized effort to incorporate accumulated knowledge of biology into a functional, molecular definition of the human body and the bodies of other organisms. Foundations of modern biology. Cell theory. Human cancer cells with nuclei specifically the DNA stained blue. The central and rightmost cell are in interphase, so the entire nuclei are labeled. The cell on the left is going through mitosis and its DNA has condensed. Cell theory states that the cell is the fundamental unit of life, that all living things are composed of one or more cells, and that all cells arise from other cells through cell division. In multicellular organisms, every cell in the organisms body derives ultimately from a single cell in a fertilized egg.